Keratoconus – diagnosis and treatment

Abstract:

Keratoconus is a progressive corneal ectasia characterized by changes in corneal collagen structure. It is associated with irregular astigmatism and thinner cornea with conical shape. The clinical symptoms and signs depend on the stage of the disease. Despite numerous recent studies on the pathophysiology of the disease, the etiology and possible mechanism of onset of disease remain poorly understood. Imaging methods for assessing the structure and function of the cornea, such as corneal topography, have enabled earlier diagnosis, classification and monitoring of progression of keratoconus progression. Currently, a variety of methods are available for the treatment of keratoconus with the ultimate goal of rehabilitating visual function and improving the quality of life of patients. Contact lenses are the most common therapeutic choice. Furthermore, crosslinking or fixing corneal collagen effective in stabilizing the progression of the disease. Corneal surgery is the treatment of choice in advanced keratoconus with corneal scarring.

Key words:
diagnosis; epidemiology; etiology; keratoconus; treatment