Diabetic macular edema

Abstract:

Diabetes is one of the leading public health problems worldwide. Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the leading cause of vision loss in patients with diabetes. Ideal metabolic regulation of diabetes is the primary goal of treatment and the principal method of preventing and stopping the progression of DME. Although laser photocoagulation (FKG) has previously been the standard treatment of DME, better outcomes can be achieved with intravitreal (IVT) anti-VEGF and corticosteroid therapy. The current approach to the treatment of DME depends on visual acuity and location/extent of macular thickening based on the optical coherence tomography scans, and present guidelines recommend IVT treatment as the treatment of choice for patients with center-involving DME and moderate visual impairment. Patients with no center-involving DME and mild visual impairment should be treated with modified ETDRS laser FKG and closely observed. Vitrectomy is the treatment of choice for patients with traction-inducedof DME.

Key words:
diabetes mellitus; diabetic macular edema; diagnostics; risk factors; treatment