Lung ultrasound

Abstract:

Normal lung ultrasound finding includes A lines and lung sliding. Hydrostatic (cardiogenic) lung edema is characterised by diffuse bilateral B lines and lung sliding. In the case of pneumonia, the exudate in the affected lung generates B lines above this area, and/or consolidations can be seen. In the case of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), similar extensive and bilateral patterns can be found, inhomogeneous in comparison with hydrostatic lung edema. Obstructive atelectase can be recognised by the abolished lung sliding. Lung pulse can usually be seen. Depending on the amount of air resorption, A lines, B lines or consolidation with static bronchogram can be found. Reliable sign for pneumothorax is the finding of abolished lung sliding. The demonstration of lung point, which represents the position of the pneumothorax border, is a high specificity sign. The ultrasound is reliable in the detection of pleural effusion and is helpful for safe pleurocentesis. Focal lung changes can not be demonstrated by lung ultrasound unless they are superficial or located in the consolidated lung area.

Key words:
chest sonography; critical ultrasound; emergency ultrasound; lung ultrasound; point-of-care ultrasound