Neurobiological basis of post-traumatic stress disorder

Abstract:

Genetic variability, sex differences and developmental exposures to stress influence neurobiological systems and mediate the risk for development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Genetic polymorphisms that influence serotonin neurotransmission could contribute to susceptibility to PTSD. Previous studies have emphasized the role of the medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala and hippocampus in mediating the development of symptoms in PTSD. Important changes in neurotransmission have been observed in patients with PTSD. Also, investigations have resulted in observations reflecting the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction, which, in the aggregate, reflects a distinct neuroendocrine profile that differentiates PTSD from other psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, the results obtained in the investigations provide evidence on the involvement of the inflammatory component in pathogenesis of PTSD. 

Key words:
neuroanatomy; neuroendocrinology; neuroimmunology; polymorphism, genetic; stress disorders, posttraumatic